Adoption and implementation of the National Technical Awards (NTA) system is a mandatory requirement for technical training programmes to be accredited by the National Council for Technical Education (NACTE).

The Basic Technician Certificate course in Clinical Medicine is a two semester programme. This has been developed to suit the needs of the health sector, the labour market demands, legal and professional needs that exist in our country. It is one of the initiatives by the Government to modernise qualifications within the health sector and optimise transferability within and across sectors and disciplines.

Development of this programme is aimed at rewarding individual achievement in learning and competence gained in a variety of different ways and contexts. The introduction of this programme is geared towards increasing productivity in training institutions, addressing skills gaps and shortages in workplaces, providing a climbing ladder for higher skills opportunities and achieving more responsive education and training system, aligned with health sector employment needs.

The philosophy of developing NTA in Clinical Medicine programme at level is to provide for a fairly well developed ‘stairway’ in technical education that opens the possibility for moving around and within the NTA qualification framework and receive appropriate recognition, which is currently limited. It is thus intended for producing creative, innovative and flexible graduates who will contribute in the national development schemes in the health sector by utilising their competence-based skills.

This programme comprises a total of 13 modules that are spread over two semesters; each comprising of 15 weeks.

Students will be required to work in clinical areas under supervision as an important learning method and gaining hands on experience and fill in their practical procedure books. They will be assessed through out the course in continuous assessments and end of semester examinations using written assignments, oral questioning and practical assignment reports.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This curriculum has been developed to allow exit point at level four for pre-service students. It creates a entry point into Clinical medicine. A qualified candidate will be awarded a basic certificate in clinical medicine. The programme will take a year comprising of two semesters with a total of 13 modules.

The review of this curriculum is largely a collaborative effort between the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare with the National Council for Technical Education (NACTE) utilising the inputs and expertise from various professionals and teaching staff from health training institutions and I-TECH, Tanzania.

Particular thanks are due to Dr. Bumi L.A. Mwamasage, the Assistant Director for Allied Health training, Dr. Gozibert Mutahyabarwa, Dr. Edward Kija and Dr. Invocavinths Swai Coordinators of Allied Health Training, who organised this activity.

It is also a pleasure to acknowledge the following members of the expert group who worked tirelessly up to the end of the work: Mr. Gideon Kaluguru, Dr. Sadock Ntunaguzi, Dr. Violet Kiango, Dr. Otilia Gowelle, Dr. Salla Paul Salustian, Dr. Edward Nandi, Dr. Mosses Malaba, Dr. David Mping’wa, Dr. Ernest Jumbe, Dr. Dominic M. Mboya, Dr. Badru Tondwa, Dr. Kafuruki Shubis, Dr. Muhidin Mbata, Dr. Irnei Myemba, Dr. James Ngwandu, Mr. John Mpiluka, Mr. Kashaga E. Betamisa, Mr. Cuthbert Simalenga, Ms.Angela Katabaro.

Valuable inputs from other Governmental and Non-Governmental organizations were used to enrich the document. Dr. David Kihwele, Ms. Dila Perera, Ms. Stella Mpanda and Mr. Emmanuel Mpollya from I-TECH provided invaluable Technical inputs to the document.

Special thanks should again go to the Assisstant Director Allied Health Sciences Dr. Bumi L.A. Mwamasage and Coordinators Allied Health Sciences Dr. Mabula Ndimila and Mr. Dennis Busuguli for their commitment to the April 2009 revision of the curriculum.

The Ministry of Health is grateful to NACTE experts in curriculum development Mr. Adolf Rutayuga and Mr. Emmanuel T. Mwemezi, for their expert inputs that necessitated a revision of the curricula in April 2009.

Sincere gratitude should go to a team of tutors who completed the curriculum revision in April 2009 according to NACTE standards, Dr. Salla Paul Salustian, Dr. Violet Kiango, Dr. Otilia Gowelle and Dr. Edward Nandi. The MoHSW would like to thank Stella Chale and Stella Mpanda of I-TECH for their technical support in the revision of the curriculum.

At this juncture, the Ministry would like to sincerely thank I-TECH, Tanzaniafor financial and material support to this revision in April 2009.

Finally I would like to thank the team of secretariat Ms. Claudina Christian, Elly Nko and who carried out the Secretarial work and Ms. Fatuma Idd for mobilizing reference materials for the team. Also, I thank Mr. Golden Masika, I-TECH for formatting the revised document.

Dr. Gilbert Mliga

DIRECTOR OF HUMAN RESOUCE DEVELOPMENT

1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The National Council for Technical Education (NACTE) was established by Act of Parliament No. 9 of 1997. The Act provides a legal framework for the Council to build an efficient national qualification framework for ensuring that products from technical institutions are of high quality and respond to changing needs of the country as well as technological innovations in the world.

One of the accreditation requirement is that institutions should offer appropriate academic level programmes in recognised field of study that culminate in identified student competences leading to the National Technical Awards (NTA). Institutions are therefore required to ensure that training programmes are supported by curricula, which are developed according to NACTE requirements. These include conducting situational analysis, developing learning outcomes/competence-based, modular format and adopting a semester system.

In this regard, NACTE has a mandate to facilitate the review of traditional curriculum currently being used by clinical medicine/health training institutions, which was last reviewed in 2001.

NACTE has set qualification standards for clinical medicine that are to be adopted by health training institutions from which the curriculum was developed.

Using NACTE guidelines, the Department of Human Resource Development in the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare has developed the Technician training programme in clinical medicine. The programme is modular, in semester and leads to a Basic Technician Certificate Award in Clinical Medicine - NTA Level 4.

2.0 PROGRAMME RATIONALE AND PHILOSOPHY

2.1 Programme Rationale

The main objective of the National Health Policy is to improve the health and well being of all Tanzanians, with a focus on those most at risk, and to encourage the health system to be more responsive to the needs of the people.

According to WHO (2006): World Health Report, health workers are crucially important for producing good health through the performance of health systems as they constitute a significant share of the labour force and perform key social roles in all societies.

Tanzania Vision 2025, National Strategy for Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction (MKUKUTA), Health for All, Primary Health Care (PHC) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are not achievable without an appropriately prepared and deployed health workforce; hence the training of health workers is crucial for achieving equity-oriented national health goals.

Clinical medicine like many other technical professions is affected by the rapid changes currently taking place in the society, science and technology. Clinical medicine is also shaped by changing demography, epidemiology, health systems and consumer preference in the labour market. Strategic planning actions should focus on investing in people, especially pre-service education to promote equity by correcting skill-mix imbalances and in-service training to enhance the performance of the health system.

In this regard curricula cannot remain static, it must be responsive to changes in the society, the economy and changes in the nature of teaching and learning. It is important to provide an excellent education and training for all learners, to enable the health system to be responsive to the changing demands of life and work in the 21^st century.

The rationale for this programme is to increase productivity in training institutions, addressing skills gaps and shortages in workplaces, providing a climbing ladder for higher skills opportunities and achieving more responsive education and training system, aligned with health sector employment needs.

This programme has been developed in line with the above considerations, which provides for a creation of a life-long learning culture, modularisation, credit accumulation and student choice and scalability, leading to acquisition of more knowledge, skills and wider understanding in health care practice.

The programme takes into account the question of employability and acceptance into further training levels, while at the same time enables one to bear the costs of training. It also allows inclusion of modules from other programmes, by setting basic entry credits to a particular course from other institutions/programmes.

2.2 Programme Philosophy

This programme is geared towards producing innovative, creative and flexible graduates who will cope with the dynamic changes of technology and socio-economic needs. To enhance this philosophy the programme is designed and developed such that it:

(i) Provides a sound foundation in medical sciences and develops ability in communication skills so as to give the graduates an opportunity for further training;

(ii) Allows for development of skilled and professional career education with a strong base in clinical medicine and other allied health disciplines;

(iii) Offers a wide base of inter-disciplinary aspects in the fields of health with a foundation in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT);

(iv) Enhances graduates’ awareness towards professional, legal and socio-economic influences in the delivery of health care services;

(v) Enables graduates to be self-confident and acquire competences that solve day-to-day problems;

(vi) Satisfies the specified standards in line with the National Technical Awards system; and

(vii) Imparts creativeness and strong ability for the graduates to undertake given tasks competently.

It is, therefore, expected that the graduates from this programme will have aspirations to become professionals. The programme is a modular system and will operate under semester structure. This will facilitate a large degree of flexibility for the graduates’ future development.

3.0 Vision and Missionof the Training programME:

3.1 Vision:

To have adequate trained and developed work force to cope with existing and emerging health issues.

3.2 Mission:

To establish conducive and sustainable training environment that will enable students and graduates to perform competently at their relevant levels and attain higher levels of knowledge, attitudes and skills in clinical medicine and health sciences.

4.0 AIMS OF THE PROGRAMME

4.1 Aims of the Programme

The programme aims to achieve the following goals:

(i) To form a flexible course that is responsive to dynamic and rapidly changing society;

(ii) To provide the skills, knowledge and behaviour that are vital meeting community and employers needs;

(iii) To entice self-realisation and team work skills that enable graduates to be employable and team players;

(iv) To build capacity to participate in the implementation of National Health Policy and its accompanying Operational Guidelines; and

(v) To propagate and promote moral, legal and ethical conduct among health workers within the national legal framework.

4.2 Program Objectives

The main Objectives of this programme are to:

Apply basic principles of diseases prevention and control
Utilise principles of basic medical sciences in patient management
Apply basic clinical and diagnostic laboratory procedures in management of patients
Employ basic principles of record keeping in patient management
Apply basic communication principles with clients, health professional colleagues and follow professional code of conduct
Apply basic principles of clinical examination and diagnostic procedures to reach proper diagnosis
Apply ICT packages for effective health care delivery

5.0 ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS

Admission to the programme will be open to candidates who have a Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (CSEE) with a minimum D score in Biology. A pass in English is an added advantage.

6.0 PROGRAMME DURATION

The whole programme has a total of 34 weeks of study in one academic year, which are divided in two semesters: Semester one and two. There are a total of 13 modules, eleven are core and two are fundamental. This programme is intended to provide basic knowledge necessary for acquiring life-long learning and good foundation for further studies in clinical medicine.

7.0 METHODS OF STUDY

In both core and fundamental modules, the programme enhances a wide range of study methods and approaches. These include lecture discussion, small group discussion, case studies, role plays, tutorials, assignments, practical training including demonstration, laboratory/ward attachment and study tours.

8.0 OBJECTIVE OF ASSESSMENT

The objective of assessment is to set a comprehensive system of measuring the achievement of the learning outcomes. It provides a yardstick for which the expected outcomes and benchmarking items are evaluated. This aspect has two major components, one for measuring performance and achievement while the other is for evaluating the achievement of the goal as well as ascertaining whether the teaching and learning processes are efficiently and adequately attained.

9.0 ASSESSMENT PHILOSOPHY

The programme provides a sound and balanced training system with underlying principles as follows:

(i) It enables students to focus in gaining the required competences and realising the skills sought by the employers and stakeholders;

(ii) The curriculum allows changes in response to the changing times and the technological and scientific advancements;

(iii) The curriculum is made to provide competences that facilitate opportunity to employable endeavours;

(iv) It allows wide societal participation, and was formed as a result of a situational analysis involving employers, practising clinicians at different levels, professional bodies and other stakeholders; and

(v) It is dynamic and flexible.

10.0 Principles of Assessment

(a) Assessment will reflect the aims and objectives of the overall scheme, the route way and the learning outcomes of the module.

(b) Assessment will be designed to assist student learning, in particular their development as self-directed learners and the acquisition of key skills.

(c) Assessment will be varied, to facilitate motivation and in recognition of the need to adopt approaches, which enable students to demonstrate that, they have fulfilled learning objectives.

(d) Assessment will reflect progression through studying modules and semesters, with increasingly more complex methods being associated with higher order skills.

11.0 Assessment Methods

The following assessment methods will be used:

11.1 Assignments

The objective of assignments is to reinforce the learning process by involving the participation of the students in finding the solution to a given question or problem which require decision-making. They include tasks given to students apart from written tests and examination or projects, so as to enhance self- development. Assignments may be administered in a form of written work or practical exercises that are done individually or in a group.

The concerned institution may provide for the required assessment instruments and decide upon the number of assignments for a given module in a semester.

11.2 Laboratory/Practical/Clinical examination

Practical/laboratory/Clinical examination is intended to allow the student to participate in undertaking a particular procedure individually. The learner should demonstrate the ability to take observation, carry out procedure and deduce results. It generally reinforces the learning process and develops the learners’ practical ability.

The concerned institution may provide for the required assessment instruments and decide upon the number of laboratory/Practical/clinical examination for a given module in a semester.

11.3 Classroom Tests

The Intention of classroom tests is to measure the theoretical ability of students and evaluate performance in written work. There will be a minimum of two written classroom test per each module during the semester, which will be supervised by the institution tutor(s) for duration not less than two (2) hours.

12.0 Management of Assessment

12.1 Management of assessment will be done by:

· Continuous assessment and End of module/Semester examination. End of module examination shall be conducted during the end of semester. This examination shall be conducted for duration not exceeding three (3) hours (excluding practical examinations), but not less than two (2) hours. It will be done under supervision. The examination shall include questions from all modules covered during the semester.

· Continuous assessment shall contribute to 60% and semester examination 40% to final grade.

12.2 Continuous assessment arrangement;

· Initial planning to be done to have at least two examiners for each examination conducted.

· Weighting of individual assignment shall reflect the relative difference in their importance or level of difficulty;

§ Written tests/examination weighs 10

§ Practical examination weighs 20

§ Oral presentation (viva) 20

§ Written assignments reports weigh 10; total weight for the semester is 60 marks.

12.3 End of module /semester examination arrangement;

· Initial planning to be done to have at least one external examiner and academic head of the respective department (Principal) during end of semester examination.

· Weighting of end of module/semester exam shall reflect the relative difference in their importance or level of difficulty;

§ Written examination weigh 10

§ Practical examination weigh 20

§ Oral examination (viva) weigh 10, total weight for the semester is 40 marks.

12.4 Eligibility to enter semester 2

Any student who has not completed a module in a semester, the results will be withheld and GPA will be computed after he/she has attempted that/those particular module(s)

· Any candidate who has a semester GPA of 2.0 or above shall be allowed to continue to semester 2. If he/she has failed any module will continue to semester 2 and do the supplementary examinations while in the second semester. The repeat of the failed module(s) must be done 3 weeks from the time of declaration of examination results. If failed again will be allowed to repeat for the second time after another 3 weeks. If he/she fails the second supplementary attempt will be discontinued from studies.

· All the supplementary examinations shall be set and conducted by the respective school.

· GPA shall recalculated for any student who sat for resit examination after she/he has attempted the modules and cumulative result will be the criteria to award.

12.5 Eligibility to sit for End of Semester examination;

· It is mandatory that every student must sit for end of semester examination failure to do so he or she will be disqualified from the course.

· Before a candidate is allowed to appear for end of semester examination must have a minimum of 75% attendance to taught classes and assignments per module.

· A candidate who fails to meet a minimum of 75% attendance shall be allowed to repeat a semester or year if was absent on acceptable grounds. In the case of unacceptable grounds he/she shall be discontinued from the course.

12.6 Examination irregularities;

· Any examination irregularities during the conduct of Continuous Assessment and end of semester examination shall be immediately reported in writing by the examiner/invigilator to the head of department/principal who shall determine the appropriate course of action to be taken according to the circumstances and established rules and regulations.

12.7 Assessment plan, recording and reporting

· Assessment plan showing abilities and outcomes to be assessed will be developed by each institution and sent to the Tanganyika Medical Training Board for standardization of examinations. Institutions shall develop Tools or instruments for assessment of each module.

· Assessment record and reporting system shall follow NACTE procedures to maintain assessment data, for purpose of feedback of assessment results and adherence to assessment regulations.

13.0 MINIMUM CREDIT REQUIREMENT

This programme has 13 modules, which are assigned a minimum of 120 credits. An institution may offer more modules with the approval of NACTE.

14.0 MODULE CODING

The system of coding has adopted a combination of letters and numbers, which have specific meaning. For example Anatomy and Physiology I module is coded as CMT04102 where:

CM Represents the first two letters of the department “Clinical Medicine”,

T Represent Technician award,

04 Represents the respective NTA Level,

1 Indicates the first semester in which the module is conducted,

02 Represents the serial number to which a particular module is assigned in the respective Department.

15.0 SCORE RANGESAND GRADING SYSTEM

Marks will be awarded out of 100 percent. The marks so obtained from different assessment components will be clustered and graded as follows:

S/N	SCORE RANGE	GRADE	DEFINITION
1	80 – 100	A	Excellent
2	65 - 79	B	Good
3	50 – 64	C	Satisfactory
4	40- 49	D	Poor
5	0.0 – 39	F	Failure
6	-	I	Incomplete
7	0	Q	Disqualification

16.0 AWARD CLASSIFICATION

The Grade Point Average (GPA) shall be computed from credits and grade weights and classified as shown below:

CLASS OF AWARD	CUMMULATIVE GPA
First class	3.5 - 4.0
Second class	3.0 – 3.4
Pass	2.0 – 2.9

16.1 Semester and cumulative GPA calculation

Grades for the different score ranges are assigned points as follows:

A – 4

B – 3

C – 2

D – 1

F – 0

An award shall be given to a student who satisfies the following conditions:

(i) Successful completion of all modules prescribed for the programme at a minimum of satisfactory grade “C”

(ii) Achievement of a minimum cumulative Grade Point Average (GPA) equivalent to a Pass.

GPA shall be computed from grades achieved by students in each semester by combining results of CA and ES examinations.

Divide the total of number of grade points earned by the student for that module times credits assigned to the module by the total number of credits for module examined

For example

Semester GPA for each candidate is calculated as follows:

Semester GPA = Sum (P x N)

Sum of N

P - Grade point assigned to a letter grade scored by the student in a module

N – Number of credits associated with the module in a semester

Cumulative GPA for each candidate is calculated as follows:

Cumulative GPA = Sum of (P₁ x N₁)+ (P₂xN₂)

Sum of N₁+ N₂

P - Grade point assigned to a letter grade scored by the student in a module

N - Number of credits associated with the module (N₁andN₂) number of credits for semester 1 and 2 respectively

16.2 Disposal of a Failed Candidate

• A candidate with a GPA of less than 2.0 will be discontinued.

• A candidate with a GPA of more than 2.0 but who has failed any module in a given semester will be given an opportunity to a supplementary examination of all failed modules. No student shall be allowed to do a supplementary exam more than two times.

17.0 PROGRAMME MODULES FOR LEVEL 4

17.1 Semester 1 Modules

Code	Module title	Scheme of Study ( Hours per week )				Credits/ Semester
Code	Module title	Lecture discussion	Tutorials	Practical	Assignment	Credits/ Semester
CMT 04101	Communication and Counselling Skills	1	1	1	1	8
CMT 04102	Anatomy and Physiology I	4	2	-	2	16
CMT 04103	Environmental Health	4	-	2	-	12
CMT 04104	Microbiology, Parasitology and Medical Entomology	5	-	-	-	10
CMT 04105	Pathology	4	-	-	-	8
CMT 04106	Basic Computer Applications	1	-	2	-	6
	SUBTOTAL	19	3	5	3	60

Total hours /week = 30

17.2 Semester II Modules

Code	Module title	Scheme of Study ( Hours per week )				Credits/ Semester
Code	Module title	Lecture discussion	Tutorials	Practical	Assignment	Credits/ Semester
CMT 04207	Communicable Diseases	4	1	-	1	12
CMT 04208	Anatomy and Physiology II	4	2	-	-	12
CMT 04209	Basic Clinical Laboratory	2		2	-	8
CMT 04210	Patient Care	2	-	2	-	8
CMT 04211	Health Policy and Medical Ethics	2	-	-	-	4
CMT 04212	Health Information Management and Financing	2	-	-	2	8
CMT 04213	Clinical Skills	2	-	-	2	8
	SUBTOTAL	18	3	4	5	60

Total hours /week = 30

17.3 SUMMARY OF MODULES

CODE	MODULE	SEMESTER I	SEMESTER II
CMT 04101	Communication and Counselling Skills	√
CMT 04102	Anatomy and Physiology I	√
CMT 04103	Environmental Health	√
CMT 04104	Microbiology, Parasitology and Medical Entomology	√
CMT 04105	Pathology	√
CMT 04106	Basic Computer Applications	√
CMT 04107	Communicable Diseases		√
CMT 04208	Anatomy and Physiology II		√
CMT 04209	Basic Clinical Laboratory		√
CMT 04210	Basic Patient Care		√
CMT 04211	Health Policy and Medical Ethics		√
CMT 04212	Health Information Management and financing		√
CMT 04213	Clinical Skills		√

17.4 a) Distribution of marks for Continuous assessment and End of semester examination

emester 1:

		Weighting for continuous assessment 60 and End of Semester examination is 40
		WRITTEN TEST		PRACTICAL/CLINICAL		ORAL(VIVA)		WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT REPORT
		CA	SE	CA	SE	CA	SE	CA	SE
CODE	HOURS	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
CODE	MODULE TITLE
CMT 04101	Communication and Counselling Skills	30	10	-	-	30	30	-	-
CMT 04102	Anatomy and Physiology I	40	20	-	-	20	20	-	-
CMT 04103	Environmental Health	10	10	-	-	30	10	20	20
CMT 04104	Microbiology, Parasitology and Medical Entomology	20	10	-	-	40	30	-	-
CMT 04105	Pathology	30	20	-	-	30	20	-	-
CMT 04106	Basic Computer Applications	20	10	-	-	40	30	-	-
CMT 04107	Communicable Diseases	20	10	-	-	30	20	10	10

17.4 b) Distribution of marks for Continuous assessment and End of semester examination

Semester II:

		Weighting for continuous assessment 60 and End of Semester examination is 40
		WRITTEN TEST		PRACTICAL/CLINICAL		ORAL(VIVA)		WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT REPORT
CODE		CA	SE	CA	SE	CA	SE	CA	SE
CODE	HOURS	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
	MODULE TITLE
CMT 04208	Anatomy and Physiology II	40	20	-	-	20	20	-	-
CMT 04209	Basic Clinical Laboratory	20	10	30	10	10	20	-	-
CMT 04210	Basic Patient Care	20	10	30	10	10	20	-	-
CMT 04211	Health Policy and Medical Ethics	30	20	-	-	30	20	-	-
CMT 04212	Health Information Management and financing	20	10	30	10	10	20	-	-
CMT 04213	Clinical Skills	30	20	20	10	10	10	-	-

18. CURRICULUM INFORMATION REPORT

18.1 NTA Level: 4

18.2 Qualification: Basic Technician Certificate in Clinical Medicine

18.3 Purpose of Qualification: This qualification is intended for persons who will assist health workers in provision of preventive, curative, diagnostic and administrative services in health care settings.

18.4 Competence Descriptor: The holder of the qualification will be able to apply skills, appropriate attitudes and knowledge at routine level.

18.5 Entry Requirements: Admission to the programme will be open to candidates who have a Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (CSEE) with a minimum D score in Biology. A pass in English is an added advantage.

18.6Credits at this Level: 120

18.7Cumulative Credits from Lowest Level: NIL

18.8Maximum Number of Credits that Could be Considered From Lowest Level: NIL

18.9 Date the Qualification Standard was Last Reviewed: November 2007

19.0 Job Description of a graduate of NTA level 4:

Introduction:

The health sector is facing a serious shortage of manpower at every level of health delivery unit, starting from rural dispensary to referral hospital. The graduate at NTA level 4 is equipped with basic medical knowledge to provide some of health care services which do not demand higher level of medical training. The NTA level 4 graduates is expected to work at the dispensary with other staff who are highly trained and others with no medical training at all, to promote health and well being of the community in general. He or she can provide services such as; raising community awareness on preventable (communicable) diseases and diseases of public health importance, recording and reporting medical information, counselling patients and performing laboratory test for common conditions.

Some of the key functions for the graduate from this level are:

To assist in providing outpatient care,
Encourage adherence to prescribed treatments,
Assist in provision of preventive and curative care,
Provide counselling to patients and clients,
Perform laboratory tests for common communicable diseases including HIV, TB and Malaria,
Recording and handling basic medical information
Report to the Clinical Assistant and or Clinical Officer, and other local government authorities all epidemics, communicable diseases, and other health-related events.

20.0 NACTE STANDARDS:

20.1 Principal Outcomes, Credit Value and Assessment Criteria

S/N	Principal Outcome	Credits	Assessment Criteria
1	Apply basic principles of disease prevention and control	24	(i) Environmental health approaches in disease prevention and control correctly used. (ii) Common communicable diseases including HIV, TB and malaria correctly managed. (iii) Infection preventive and control measures correctly observed
2	Utilise principles of basic medical sciences in patient management	54	(i) Fundamental Concepts and principles of micro-biology, Parasitology including HIV, TB and malaria, and entomology well explained (ii) Human anatomy and physiology well comprehended (iii) Principles of general pathology well described
3	Apply basic clinical and diagnostic laboratory procedures in management of patients	16	(i) Basic patient care procedures correctly performed (ii) Basic laboratory diagnostic procedures correctly performed (iii) Patient history and physical examination correctly done
4	Employ basic principles of record keeping in patient management	14	(i). Methods of bookkeeping and billing procedures correctly utilized (ii). Basic Information Communication and Technology as working tools correctly applied. (iii). Health information management system well managed
5	Apply basic communication principles with clients, health professional colleagues and follow professional code of conduct	12	(i) Professional code of conduct correctly practiced (ii) National health policy guidelines well operationalized (iii) Counselling and communication skills correctly utilized

20.2 Principal Outcomes and Enabling Outcomes

Pri ncipal Outcome	Enabling Outcome
1. Apply basic principles of disease prevention and control	1.1 Develop strategies for disease prevention and control
	1.2 Manage common communicable diseases
	1.3 Practise infection prevention measures during procedures
2. Utilize principles of basic medical sciences in patient management	2.1. Comprehend fundamental principles and concepts of microbiology, including HIV and TB
	2.2. Comprehend principles and concepts of Parasitology and entomology.
	2.3. Comprehend Human Anatomy and Physiology
	2.4. Describe principles of general pathology
3. Apply basic clinical and laboratory procedures in management of the patient	3.1 Communicate effectively with patient
	3.2. Perform physical examination and interpret clinical findings
	3.3. Perform basic laboratory diagnostic procedures.
	3.4 Perform basic patient care procedures
4. Employ basic principles and tools for record keeping and patient management	4.1 Manage health information systems
	4.2 Utilize methods of bookkeeping and billing procedures.
	4.3 Apply basic Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) as working tools.
5. Apply basic communication principles and follow professional code of conduct in interactions with patients and colleagues	5.1 Practice according to professional code of conduct.
	5.2 Operationalize the National Health Policy Guidelines
	5.3 Utilize effective counselling and communication skills

20.3 Enabling Outcomes and Sub-enabling Outcomes

Enabling Outcome	Sub-enabling Outcome
1.1 Develop strategies for disease prevention and control	1.1.1 Describe common methods of vector control
	1.1.2 Promote nutrition and food hygiene through health education
	1.1.3 Develop strategies to improve sanitation, safe water supplies, sanitary refuse and excreta disposal, housing, and general hygiene
1.2. Manage common communicable diseases	1.2.1 Identify control and preventive measures of common communicable diseases, including HIV&AIDS, TB and Malaria.
1.2. Manage common communicable diseases	1.2.2 Manage patients with common communicable diseases, including HIV&AIDS, TB, malaria
1.3. Practise infection prevention measures during procedures	1.3.1 Categorise and prepare types of disinfectants according to their uses
	1.3.2 Dispose safely of wastes and hazardous materials
	1.3.3 Apply protective measures
	1.3.4 Practise aseptic techniques
	1.3.5 Sterilize and decontaminate material and instruments for medical procedures
2.1 Comprehend fundamental principles and concepts of microbiology, including HIV and TB	2.1.1. Describe micro-organisms, their characteristics, disease they cause and drug of choice.
	2.1.2: Describe diagnostic methods for different micro-organisms
2.2. Comprehend principles and concepts of Parasitology and entomology.	2.2.1 Describe parasites of medical importance, their life cycle and transmission, disease they cause and drug of choice.
	2.2.2: Describe vectors of medical importance
	2.2.3: Describe diagnostic methods for parasitic diseases

2.3. Comprehend Human Anatomy and Physiology	2.3.1. Describe structure and functions of cell, tissue and organ
	2.3.2. Describe organs found in different body cavities
	2.3.3. Explain the functions of the respiratory, cardiovascular system, urinary and digestive system
	2.3.4. Explain the functions of the nervous, endocrine, musculoskeletal, reproductive systems and special senses.
2.4. Describe principles of general pathology	2.4.1. Describe pathological processes of inflammation.
	2.4.2. Explain fluid, electrolyte, sugar and bilirubin balances and imbalances.
	2.4.3. Describe cellular growth, injury, adaptation and repair.
3.1. Communicate effectively with patient	3.1.1. Take patient history
3.1. Communicate effectively with patient	3.1.2. Interpret patient’s information
3.2. Perform physical examination and interpret clinical findings	3.2.1. Prepare patient for physical examination according to medical procedures
	3.2.2. Perform relevant routine physical examination
	3.2.3. Document findings of physical examination according to medical procedures
	3.2.4. Determine provisional and differential diagnoses of common communicable diseases.
3.3. Perform basic laboratory diagnostic procedures.	3.3.1. Distinguish laboratory equipment and chemicals for different tests including parts of a microscope.
	3.3.2. Explain to the patients about the laboratory procedure to be undertaken
	3.3.3. Collect specimen from patient
	3.3.4. Label and dispatch specimen to laboratory
	3.3.5. Conduct blood examination for parasites, viruses (HIV), Haemoglobin (Hb), and blood glucose levels.
	3.3.6. Interpret laboratory test results and inform the patient
3.4 Perform basic patient care procedures	3.4.1 Prepare beds for different medical and surgical conditions
	3.4.2 Take and interpret vital signs.
	3.4.3 Administer medications to patients
	3.4.4 Arrange instruments and equipment for common medical and surgical procedures
	3.4.5. Care for pre-operative, post-operative and unconscious patient using standard nursing procedures
	3.4.6 Perform basic life saving procedures.
	3.4.7 Perform simple surgical procedures.
4.1 Manage health information systems	4.1.1 Practise the use of MTUHA tools.
	4.1.2 Manage in-patient and out-patient admissions and procedures
	4.1.3 Organize patients medical records
4.2 Utilize methods of bookkeeping and billing procedures.	4.2.1. Complete health insurance claim forms
	4.2.2 Perform billing and collection procedures
	4.2.3. Demonstrate how to post entries in appropriate account books
	4.2.4 Submit daily collections to the relevant authority
4.3 Apply basic Information Communication technologies (ICT) as working tools	4.3.1 Identify main parts of a computer and operating system
	4.3.2 Recognize and use computer applications and productivity software.
	4.3.3 Recognize computer virus and security system
5.1 Practise according to professional code of conduct.	5.1.1 Perform within ethical and legal boundaries
	5.1.2 Maintain confidentiality in medical practice including disclosure of HIV and TB status
	5.1.3 Recognize self and patient/client rights
5.2 Operationalize the National Health Policy Guidelines	5.2.1. Operate within boundaries of Client Service Charter
5.2 Operationalize the National Health Policy Guidelines	5.2.2 Recognize the National Health Policy and policy guidelines for Malaria, HIV&AIDS, TB, Leprosy, and RCH
5.3 Utilize effective counselling and communication skills	5.3.1 Describe basic communication skills.
	5.3.2 Utilise effective communication skills
	5.3.3 Demonstrate counselling skills
	5.3.4 Prepare general, technical reports and correspondence

Curriculum for Basic Technician Certificate in Clinical Medicine NTA LEVEL 4

11.1 Assignments

17.0 PROGRAMME MODULES FOR LEVEL 4

17.1 Semester 1 Modules

SUBTOTAL

17.2 Semester II Modules

SUBTOTAL

17.3 SUMMARY OF MODULES

CODE

√

Communicable Diseases

Anatomy and Physiology II

Basic Clinical Laboratory

Basic Patient Care

√

Communicable Diseases

HOURS

MODULE TITLE

Anatomy and Physiology II

Basic Clinical Laboratory

Basic Patient Care

18. CURRICULUM INFORMATION REPORT

20.0 NACTE STANDARDS:

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Curriculum for Basic Technician Certificate in Clinical Medicine NTA LEVEL 4

11.1 Assignments

17.0 PROGRAMME MODULES FOR LEVEL 4

17.1 Semester 1 Modules

17.2 Semester II Modules

17.3 SUMMARY OF MODULES

CODE

√

√

Communicable Diseases

HOURS

MODULE TITLE

Anatomy and Physiology II

Basic Clinical Laboratory

Basic Patient Care

18. CURRICULUM INFORMATION REPORT

20.0 NACTE STANDARDS:

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